In the process of raising chickens in chicken cages, how the farmers’ feed preparation is related to the healthy growth and production of the chickens. The protein is a necessary nutrient raw material for the feed, especially for the farmers who raise the laying hens. Protein are nutrient raw materials necessary for laying eggs. There are many kinds of protein-rich feed ingredients, especially plant-based protein feeds. The following we will introduce farmers to the common types of plant proteins.
1.Bean cake: Bean cake is also called soybean meal by many farmers. The bean cake contains 40% to 45% of crude protein and contains metabolizable energy of 10.04~10.88 MJ/kg. The nutrient level of minerals and vitamins is similar to that of the cereals, and the palatability is good. The heat-treated bean cake (粕) is the best vegetable protein feed for chickens, generally in the diet can account for 10% to 30%. . Although the lysine content in the bean cake is relatively high, but the methionine is lacking, it is used together with other cakes or fishmeal, or a certain amount of synthetic amino acid is added to the fishmeal-free diet with bean cake as the main protein feed, and the test effect is better.
2. peanut cake: the crude protein content of peanut cake is slightly higher than that of bean cake, which is 42%～48%, high arginine content, low lysine content, other nutrients and bean cake are not much different, but palatability is better than bean cake. It has a good effect with the bean cake, and it can generally account for 15% to 20% in the diet. Raw peanut kernels, like raw soybeans, contain anti-pancreatic acid, which is not suitable for feeding. The peanut cake (raw peanut cake) made by the extraction method should be heat treated. In addition, the peanut cake has a high fat content, is not resistant to storage, and is susceptible to aflatoxin to produce aflatoxin, which is a serious hazard to chickens. Therefore, peanut cakes grown with Aspergillus flavus cannot feed chickens.
3. sunflower seed cake : The nutritional value of sunflower seed cake depends on the amount of shell. The high-quality shelled sunflower seed cake has a crude protein content of more than 40%, a methionine content 2 times more than a bean cake, a crude fiber content of 10% or less, a crude fat content of 5% or less, and a calcium and phosphorus content higher than that of a similar feed. The vitamin content of Vitamin Bis also richer than bean cake and easy to digest. However, there are few sunflower seed cakes that are completely shelled at present, and most of them contain a certain amount of seed shells, so that the crude fiber content is high and the digestibility is lowered. At present, the average content of crude protein in the dry matter of sunflower seed cake is 22%, the crude fiber content is 18.6%; the sunflower seed meal contains 24.5% crude protein, containing 19.% crude fiber, and should belong to roughage according to the international feed classification principle. Therefore, the amount of sunflower seed cake (粕) containing more seed shells should not be too much in the diet, generally accounting for 5% to 15%.
4. Sesame cake: Sesame cake is a by-product of sesame oil extraction. It contains about 40% crude protein and high methionine content. It is suitable to feed chicken with bean cake, which can improve the utilization of protein. Generally, the dosage in the diet can be 5% to 10%. Since the sesame cake contains more fat, it is not suitable for long-term storage.
5. Rapeseed cake: The protein content of rapeseed cake is high (accounting for about 38%), and the content of nutrients is relatively comprehensive. Compared with other oil cakes, the advantages are: more calcium, phosphorus and a certain amount of selenium. The content of B vitamins (especially riboflavin) is richer than that of bean cake, but its protein biological value is not as good as that of bean cake, especially containing mustard toxin, which has spicy taste and poor palatability. It needs heat treatment and detoxification in production to be used as feed for chicken. Generally, the content in the diet accounts for about 5%.
6. cottonseed cake: machine extracted cottonseed cake contains about 33% of crude protein, its protein quality is not as good as bean cake and peanut cake; the crude fiber content is about 18%, and it contains gossypol. If the amount of feeding is too high, it not only affects the quality of the egg, but also reduces the fertilization rate and hatching rate of the eggs. In general, cottonseed cake should not be used as a protein feed for chicken alone. After detoxification (add 0.5% to 1% of ferrous sulfate), add amino acid or use it with bean cake and peanut cake, but in the diet. The amount should not be too much, generally not more than 4%.
7.Flax cake: Flax cake contains more than 37% crude protein, high calcium content, good palatability, easy to digest, but contains linseed toxin (hydrocyanic acid), so it needs to be detoxified when used (after soaking in cold water) High temperature cooking for 1 to 2 hours), and the dosage should not be too large, generally not more than 5% in the diet.
The above seven types are plant proteins commonly found in feeds . Farmers can use local resources reasonably according to their actual conditions to ensure the cost of feed and the nutritional nutrition of feed.
Henan Dingtuo Group
Email : steven@dtpoultry.com
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